Eight presidents have roots in Ohio, where communities take pride in their heritage. William Henry Harrison, a Whig, served the shortest term but left a legacy with the 1840 campaign strategy. Northern Whigs formed the Republican Party in 1854. After the Civil War, Ohio became a swing state for the party. Ulysses S. Grant’s leadership in the Civil War contrasted with his presidential issues. Rutherford B. Hayes ended Reconstruction but could not protect African American rights. James A. Garfield was assassinated, leading to civil service laws. Benjamin Harrison aimed to improve the Navy & economy but lost re-election. William McKinley campaigned for conservative policies and led the nation into the Spanish-American War before being assassinated, leading to Theodore Roosevelt's presidency. Roosevelt served two terms and wanted Taft to succeed him but later criticized Taft for being too conservative. Warren G. Harding had significant accomplishments despite scandals.